![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The National Spanish Examinations
Reliability
NSE recognizes that test reliability is defined as the degree to which the test gives consistent
results each time it is given.
In other words, reliability answers the following questions:
1. Can I depend on the test to measure the same outcomes consistently?
2. Given all the other variables being the same, will the test produce the same results again?
NSE uses the Kuder-Richardson 21 formula to calculate reliability coefficients:
r (reliability) =
(K)(SD2)-M(K-M)
⁄
(SD
2
)(K-1)
K = the number of items in the list
SD = the standard deviation of the scores
M = the mean of the scores
The scores of reliability are judged against a perfect score of 1.00. The closer the reliability
coefficient is to 1.00, the better it is. Most standardized tests usually have a reliability coefficient
of .90 or above.
1
Reliability Coefficients
for the 2013 National Spanish Exam
Level 01 Vocabulary Grammar Achievement Reading Listening Proficiency Total
Regular (N=5501)
Mean Raw
Score
69.2 53.1 122.3 62.4 55.4 117.7 240.0
Standard
Deviation
18.6 18.0 33.7 20.5 16.7 33.6 62.3
Reliability
coefficient
0.948 0.933 0.963 0.954 0.920 0.962 0.978
Outside Experience (N=1183)
Mean Raw
Score
78.9 60.1 139.1 71.3 63.0 134.3 273.4
Standard
Deviation
16.5 18.6 32.2 20.0 17.7 34.4 61.4
Reliability
coefficient
0.948 0.940 0.964 0.959 0.935 0.968 0.980
Bilingual (N=367)
Mean Raw
Score
88.6 64.8 153.5 75.1 74.6 149.8 303.2
Standard
Deviation
15.9 18.6 31.5 22.2 19.9 39.6 64.6
Reliability
coefficient
0.970 0.944 0.969 0.972 0.962 0.981 0.985